Stanford researchers develop a cooling system that works without electricity

cooling system

Stanford researchers develop a roof-mounted system that can cool a building by doing just that and the latest test of the technology has managed to use solar panel-like devices to cool water without requiring any other energy source.

The system would draw thermal radiation out of the building and emit it into the sky at a wavelength. That allows it to easily pass through the Earth"s atmosphere and escape straight out into space.

To negate the incoming thermal energy from the Sun, the panel is coated in a multi-layer optical film, which reflects 97 percent of the sunlight that hits it, allowing the system to still function on a hot, sunny day.

"If you have something that is very cold like space and you can dissipate heat into it, then you can do cooling without any electricity or work," says Shanhui Fan, senior author of the study. "The heat just flows. For this reason, the amount of heat flow off the Earth that goes to the universe is enormous."

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solar panels

Those initial proof-of-concept tests were done using wafers of the material about 8 in (20 cm) wide, but they only demonstrated how the surface itself stayed cool. After that, the team put the material to work as a coating for solar panels, keeping them cool to increase their efficiency.



Now, the Stanford scientists have scaled up the system and shown it could be a practical way to chill running water, which pipe through a building to cool it. In the most recent tests, the team placed up to four panels of the reflective material measuring 2 sq ft on a rooftop, with water flowing quickly through pipes underneath them. Over three days, the panels were able to consistently cool the water 3° to 5° C lower than the ambient air.

vapor-compression system

Using the data gathered through those tests, the researchers simulated how well these panels would fare in cooling a two-story office building in the hot, arid climate of Las Vegas. In these tests, the building cooled by a vapor-compression system, and that system"s condenser in turn cooled by the new panels. Sure enough, they found that throughout the summer the panels cut the power needed to cool the building by more than 20 percent, a saving of about 14.3 MWh of electricity. Day-to-day, the savings varied between 18 percent right up to 50 percent.

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According to researchers, this research builds on previous work with radiative sky cooling but takes it to the next level. It provides for the first time a high-fidelity technology demonstration of how you can use radiative sky cooling to passively cool a fluid, and connect it with cooling systems to save electricity.

To continue developing the devices, the researchers have founded a company called SkyCool Systems, and they"re currently working to integrate the panels into air conditioning and refrigeration systems. One of the main applications they"re targeting in the long run is the mammoth task of cooling data centers.

More information:[Nature]